Final answer:
Geology comprises the study of Earth's structure, processes, and history, including plate tectonics, rocks, minerals, and the geologic time scale.
Step-by-step explanation:
The various components of the science of geology include Earth's structure, processes, and history. This encompasses understanding the formation and composition of rocks and minerals, studying the movements of the earth's plates through plate tectonics, and examining the remnants of the past such as fossils to discern the geologic time scale. Geology also involves geologic structures, stratigraphy, and interpreting Earth's climatic and environmental history through sediments and rock formations.