Final answer:
Sense codons are nucleotide sequences in mRNA that code for specific amino acids, while antisense codons are complementary to sense codons in tRNA. The genetic code is degenerate, meaning multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. The code is read in the 5' to 3' direction and in frames of three nucleotides.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sense codons are sequences of three nucleotides (codons) in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids. They encode the information for the synthesis of proteins during translation. Examples of sense codons include AUG (which codes for methionine) and UUU (which codes for phenylalanine).
Antisense codons are complementary to sense codons and are found in tRNA. They pair with the corresponding sense codons in mRNA during translation. For example, the antisense codon UAC (found in tRNA) pairs with the sense codon AUG (found in mRNA).
Degeneracy or redundancy in the genetic code refers to the fact that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. This redundancy allows flexibility in the genetic code and provides a protective mechanism against mutations. For example, the amino acid glycine is coded by four different codons: GGU, GGC, GGA, and GGG.
The genetic code is read in the 5' to 3' direction and in frames of three nucleotides (codons). Each codon is read sequentially, and the corresponding amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain during translation. The reading frame is crucial for accurate translation of the genetic code.