Final answer:
Somatic mutations occur in specific cells and do not affect offspring, while germline mutations can be passed on to offspring. The timing of a mutation and the type of cell it occurs in determine its effects. Some somatic mutations can lead to cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Somatic mutations occur in other cells of the body and affect only that specific cell and its daughter cells. These mutations cannot be passed on to offspring. On the other hand, germline mutations occur in gametes and can be transmitted to offspring, affecting all cells in the offspring. The effect of a somatic mutation depends on the timing of the mutation and the type of cell it occurs in. Certain somatic mutations can cause cells to become malignant and lead to cancer.