Final answer:
Information flow within an organism follows from genes on a chromosome, encoding for mRNA and tRNA, which are involved in protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Information flow in an organism occurs through structures on the chromosome called genes, which encode for various types of RNA. Specifically, genes encode for mRNA (messenger RNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA), both of which are crucial in the process of protein synthesis. The mRNA carries the genetic message from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are assembled, dictating the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chains to be formed. On the other hand, tRNA is responsible for carrying the correct amino acids to the site of protein synthesis, ensuring they are added in the proper sequence as dictated by the mRNA.
In eukaryotes, the synthesis of rRNA (ribosomal RNA) occurs in the nucleolus of the nucleus, while in prokaryotes, it happens in the cytoplasm. Once rRNA is synthesized, it is combined into ribosomes. Although rRNA and tRNA do not carry instructions for polypeptide synthesis like mRNA does, they play important roles in the process of assembling proteins.