Final answer:
Transcriptional regulation controls gene expression through transcription factors binding to DNA. Post-transcriptional regulation occurs after transcription but before translation and involves mRNA processing and transport. Translational regulation controls the rate of mRNA translation, and post-translational regulation affects protein stability and activity.
Step-by-step explanation:
- Transcriptional regulation controls gene expression by determining whether or not a gene is transcribed into mRNA. It involves the binding of transcription factors to specific DNA sequences, promoting or inhibiting gene expression.
- Post-transcriptional regulation controls gene expression after transcription, but before translation. It includes mRNA processing, transport, and stability, as well as the binding of regulatory molecules.
- Translational regulation controls gene expression by determining the rate at which mRNA is translated into a protein. It involves the binding of regulatory molecules to the mRNA or ribosomes, altering translation efficiency.
- Post-translational regulation controls gene expression after translation. It involves the modification, degradation, or localization of proteins, affecting their activity or stability.