Final answer:
The central dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. Transcription involves copying the DNA sequence into an RNA molecule, while translation uses the RNA molecule to produce a protein. In prokaryotes, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously, while in eukaryotes they occur in separate cellular compartments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central dogma of molecular biology is the concept that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein in all living organisms. Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence is copied into an RNA molecule, while translation is the process by which the RNA molecule is used to produce a protein.
In prokaryotes, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously since there is no nuclear membrane separating the two processes. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and the RNA molecule is processed and transported to the cytoplasm, where translation takes place.