Final answer:
The glenoid fossa is the convex depression in the scapula that joins with the humerus to form the shoulder joint, while the coracoid process is a bony projection for muscle attachment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The glenoid fossa is a convex depression located on the scapula that connects with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint. This depression allows for a wide range of shoulder movement. The long head of the triceps brachii muscle inserts below the glenoid fossa. The scapula also features the coracoid process, which is a short, hook-like bony projection that plays a crucial role in muscle attachment and shoulder structure stability. It is found towards the lateral end of the superior border, between the suprascapular notch and the glenoid cavity, projecting anteriorly and curving laterally. This process also facilitates the attachment of muscles from the anterior chest and arm. Other scapular projections include the acromion, which extends laterally from the spine of the scapula, and the supraspinous fossa, which is found above the scapular spine.