Final answer:
Asbestos, lead, and cyanide are materials that can cause immediate and serious toxic effects upon exposure. Asbestos can lead to lung diseases, lead to neurological disorders, and cyanide to potentially fatal symptoms like seizures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the materials known to cause immediate and serious toxic effects are asbestos, lead, and cyanide. Asbestos is a hazardous substance that has been used in buildings for its fire resistance and insulation properties, but it can cause serious lung diseases, including cancer, when its fibers are inhaled. Lead is a heavy metal that can accumulate in the body over time, leading to neurological disorders, and it is especially dangerous to children, causing developmental issues and other health problems. Cyanide is a potent metabolic poison that interferes with the body's oxygen use; exposure can rapidly be fatal, with symptoms like headache, dizziness, and seizures. These substances are examples of agents with severe impacts on human health upon exposure.