Final answer:
Respiratory volumes include tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Tidal volume refers to the amount of air during quiet breathing, inspiratory reserve volume is the extra air inhaled past tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume is the extra air exhaled forcefully after tidal expiration, and residual volume is the remaining air in the lungs after expelling expiratory reserve volume.
Step-by-step explanation:
Respiratory volume describes the amount of air in a given space within the lungs, or which can be moved by the lung, and is dependent on a variety of factors. Tidal volume refers to the amount of air that enters the lungs during quiet breathing, whereas inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that enters the lungs when a person inhales past the tidal volume. Expiratory reserve volume is the extra amount of air that can leave with forceful expiration, following tidal expiration. Residual volume is the amount of air that is left in the lungs after expelling the expiratory reserve volume. Respiratory capacity is the combination of two or more volumes. Anatomical dead space refers to the air within the respiratory structures that never participates in gas exchange, because it does not reach functional alveoli. Respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken per minute, which may change during certain diseases or conditions.