Final answer:
The term for the ease with which the lungs stretch in response to changes in pressure is 'compliance'. Lung compliance is affected by factors such as alveolar surface tension and the presence of pulmonary surfactant, as well as the compliance of the thoracic wall, all of which contribute to normal respiratory function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ease with which the lungs stretch in response to changes in pressure is termed compliance. The term 'compliance' in a respiratory context refers to the ability of the lungs to expand when pressure changes. Increased compliance means the lungs can stretch more easily. Factors like the surface tension of the alveoli, the presence of pulmonary surfactant, and the elasticity of lung tissues affect lung compliance. It is crucial for normal respiratory function, as the lungs must be able to change volume easily with each breath to facilitate gas exchange.
Pulmonary surfactant reduces the surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing and helping to maintain compliance. Additionally, thoracic wall compliance, which is the ability of the thoracic wall to stretch under pressure, also affects the ease of breathing. When the lungs and thoracic wall can stretch properly, this increases lung volume and decreases the work of breathing, contributing to better pulmonary ventilation.