Final answer:
Acute GVHD and engraftment syndrome are two complications that can occur after a bone marrow transplant, but they differ in terms of timing of onset, organ involvement, and histological findings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acute GVHD and engraftment syndrome are two distinct complications that can occur after a bone marrow transplant. The main difference between acute GVHD and engraftment syndrome lies in the timing of onset. Acute GVHD typically develops within weeks after the transplant, while engraftment syndrome occurs within a few days after the transplant. This difference in timing is crucial for distinguishing between these two conditions.
Furthermore, acute GVHD primarily affects multiple organs, including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and eyes. On the other hand, engraftment syndrome typically manifests as pulmonary symptoms, such as fever, shortness of breath, and fluid retention in the lungs.
Lastly, histological findings can also help differentiate between acute GVHD and engraftment syndrome. Acute GVHD is characterized by the infiltration of immune cells in affected tissues, whereas engraftment syndrome shows lung pathology consistent with non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. All of the above, as the timing of onset, organ involvement, and histological findings all differ between acute GVHD and engraftment syndrome.