Final answer:
An adolescent with low physical self-esteem is most vulnerable to disturbances in self-image due to high sensitivity to physical appearance and societal expectations, which can affect overall self-concept and possibly lead to mental health issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adolescent most vulnerable to disturbances in self-image is b. One with low physical self-esteem. Adolescence is a time when individuals are developing their self-concept and are highly aware of their physical appearance. Those with low physical self-esteem may be more sensitive to their body image and societal expectations, leading to a higher vulnerability regarding their overall self-image. Challenges with physical self-esteem can also contribute to issues such as depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders. On the other hand, adolescents with high academic self-esteem, high social self-esteem, or balanced self-esteem in all areas tend to be more resilient and have a more positive self-concept. Erikson's theory emphasizes the importance of adolescents developing a strong sense of self or identity, which includes a balanced self-image. Hence, an adolescent with a strong identity is less likely to be disturbed by fluctuating aspects of their self-image.