Final answer:
Social disorganization theory suggests that neighborhoods lacking social support networks are more likely to experience the harmful effects of low parental monitoring, leading to higher crime rates(option c).
Step-by-step explanation:
According to social disorganization theory, the harmful effects of low parental monitoring are especially bad in neighborhoods that lack social support networks(option c).
In these neighborhoods, where there is weak social ties and the absence of social control, individuals, especially adolescents, are more likely to engage in crime. This theory suggests that a neighborhood's characteristics, such as poverty, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility, contribute to higher crime rates. For example, poor neighborhoods with a diverse population and frequent population turnover make it difficult for residents to exert effective social control, leading to more criminal behavior.