Final answer:
Rates of smoking, drinking, and drug use are higher among teenage workers who do not have part-time jobs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is c. Higher; do not have part-time jobs.
Many studies have shown that rates of smoking, drinking, and drug use are higher among teenage workers compared to non-workers, especially among students who do not have part-time jobs. This could be due to multiple factors such as increased exposure to peer pressure, availability of disposable income, and reduced supervision.
For example, a study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health found that teenage workers were more likely to engage in risky behaviors such as smoking and using drugs compared to nonworkers. The study suggested that part-time jobs can provide opportunities for young adults to socialize with other workers who may engage in these behaviors.