Final answer:
Comparing Ruben, who works over 20 hours a week, with Marianne who does not work, Ruben is more likely to experience more stress due to the additional challenges of balancing work and school demands(option b).
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks whether Ruben, who works over 20 hours a week during the school year, compared to Marianne who does not work at all, is more likely to experience certain outcomes. Considering the provided background information, it can be inferred that students like Ruben who work long hours while attending school tend to face additional challenges and stress. The workload, along with responsibilities at home and possible lack of resources, such as technology, can lead to increased stress, and it can hinder academic achievement and participation in extracurricular activities. Therefore, Ruben is more likely to experience more stress (b) compared to Marianne, who does not work.
It is also worth noting that these circumstances can impact mental health, as evidenced by Renada G.'s experience with increased work hours leading to symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, the question specifically asks about Ruben's comparison with Marianne in terms of the listed outcomes. Hence, while mental health could be affected, the primary outcome related to the context provided is increased stress due to managing work and school commitments.