Final answer:
Speciation is the process of new species formation in response to environmental changes. It occurs through isolation of populations, resulting in evolution and the formation of distinct species.
Step-by-step explanation:
Speciation is the process by which new species arise in response to environmental changes or pressures. It occurs when two populations become isolated from each other and evolve independently, leading to the formation of two distinct species. This can happen through allopatric speciation, where populations are separated by geographical barriers, or sympatric speciation, where speciation occurs within a parent species in the same location.