Question

The steps involved in the NLS targeting the nucleus are:_______

Answer 1

The steps for NLS targeting the nucleus involve the binding of the NLS by importin in the cytoplasm, transport to and interaction with the nuclear pore, translocation into the nucleus, release of the NLS-protein by Ran-GTP, and recycling of the importin.

Step-by-step explanation:

The steps involved in the NLS targeting the nucleus are:

1. A nuclear localization signal (NLS) is recognized and bound by a nuclear transport receptor, also known as importin, in the cytosol.
2. The importin-protein complex is then transported to the nuclear envelope.
3. Upon reaching the nuclear pore complex (NPC), the complex interacts with the nucleoporins, proteins that make up the NPC.
4. The nuclear transport receptor mediates the translocation of the protein through the nuclear pore into the nucleus.
5. Once inside the nucleus, the importin is recognized by Ran-GTP, which causes a conformational change that releases the protein with the NLS.
6. The importin and Ran-GTP complex are then recycled back into the cytoplasm where GTP is hydrolyzed, and the importin is ready for another round of transport.