Final answer:
Panting involves shallow breathing that does not facilitate the efficient exchange of gases in the alveoli and can lead to a buildup of carbon dioxide. Respiratory infections like pneumonia further decrease gas exchange efficiency by filling the alveoli with fluid or pus.
Step-by-step explanation:
Panting is not effective in improving gas exchange because it generally involves shallow breathing that does not sufficiently ventilate the alveoli or remove air from the deepest parts of the lungs. This prevents fresh air, containing oxygen, from reaching the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Furthermore, panting can lead to the inefficient exchange of gases since it might not allow for the full expiration of carbon dioxide before the next inhalation begins, potentially leading to a buildup of CO2 in the lungs. Respiratory infections such as pneumonia can further impede this process by filling the alveoli with fluid or pus, which significantly decreases the efficiency of oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane.