Final answer:
The Focus Four areas emphasized by OSHA are caught-in/between, struck by, falls, and electrical hazards. OSHA standards require employers to provide fall protection, prevent cave-ins, ensure confined space safety, prevent chemical exposure, and adequately train their employees. Enforcement includes regular inspections and mandatory reporting of serious incidents.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Focus Four are four areas where the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) places significant emphasis in compliance and educational efforts to protect workers from serious workplace hazards. The four areas that are highlighted by the Focus Four are: caught-in/between, struck by, falls, and electrical hazards. These are considered the main causes of fatal accidents in the construction industry, and OSHA provides extensive guidelines and training to help mitigate these risks.
Employers are required to follow OSHA standards, which include providing fall protection, preventing trenching cave-ins, ensuring the safety of workers who enter confined spaces, preventing exposure to harmful chemicals by switching to safer chemicals or using ventilation systems, and putting guards on dangerous machines. Employers must also provide effective training in a format that workers can understand, keep accurate records of work-related injuries and illnesses, perform necessary tests such as air sampling, provide personal protective equipment at no cost, and post OSHA citations and injury/illness summary data where visible.
OSHA's enforcement includes unannounced inspections, prioritizing imminent dangers, and responding to worker complaints, among other activities. Ensuring worker safety is a continuous process that involves training, outreach, and adherence to established health and safety standards.