Final answer:
Professor Gates is studying peer groups, which are critical in the socialization of adolescents and can be influenced by both local and global interactions through social media.
Step-by-step explanation:
Professor Gates is studying peer groups. A peer group is a social circle consisting of individuals who are of similar age and social status and who share interests. These peer groups are integral to the socialization process, especially among adolescents as they forge identities separate from their families and engage in activities that help shape their social behaviors and beliefs. The concept of peer groups goes beyond merely the local scope and can be global, especially in the age of social media, which can create echo chambers as individuals are more likely to interact with those who share their existing beliefs and attitudes.