Final Answer:
Pepler, Jiang, Craig, & Connolly (2008) studied a sample of 10 to 17-year-old Toronto youths and found that Cyberbullying is associated with adjustment problems. Thus, the correct answer is option c. Cyberbullying is associated with adjustment problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The research conducted by Pepler et al. (2008) suggests that cyberbullying is associated with adjustment problems among 10 to 17-year-old Toronto youths. This finding indicates a significant relationship between experiencing cyberbullying and facing challenges in overall adjustment.
It is essential to note that adjustment problems can manifest in various forms, such as emotional difficulties, social struggles, or behavioral issues. The study's focus on the association between cyberbullying and adjustment problems underscores the potential negative impact of online harassment on the well-being and psychological adjustment of adolescents.
In their research, Pepler et al. likely employed statistical analyses to establish the association between cyberbullying and adjustment problems. They might have utilized correlation coefficients or regression analyses to quantify the strength and direction of the relationship. The significance of the correlation or regression coefficients would have been assessed to determine the statistical validity of the association.
The researchers may have also considered potential confounding variables to ensure the robustness of their findings. Therefore, the correct answer is option c. Cyberbullying is associated with adjustment problems.