Final answer:
The theory that best characterizes the development of personality in psychodynamic psychology is c) The Structural Model of Personality by Sigmund Freud, which involves the id, ego, and superego, and psychosexual stages of development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that best characterizes the development of personality in psychodynamic psychology is c) The Structural Model of Personality by Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud presented the first comprehensive theory of personality, which included the idea that much of our mental life takes place outside our conscious awareness. Freud proposed three components of personality: the id, ego, and superego, and emphasized that personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages, each focusing on a specific erogenous zone. In contrast, Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is associated with humanistic psychology; Erik Erikson's Ego Development theory, while psychodynamic in nature, does focus more on psychosocial aspects across the entire lifespan and is therefore slightly distinct from Freud's structural model. Finally, the Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura is rooted more in behaviorism and cognitive psychology than in foundational psychodynamic concepts.