Final answer:
Heritability estimates may be wrong when assessing IQ across varying populations due to environmental factors and when studying rare genetic traits with small sample sizes. Studies like those on twins reared apart and the principles of epigenetics reveal the intricate nature of gene-environment interactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two instances where heritability estimates may be incorrect are when measuring IQ in different populations and when studying rare genetic traits. Firstly, heritability can be overestimated if identical twins raised in similar environments are not accounted for environmental influences, falsely attributing similarities to genetics alone. Secondly, small sample sizes can lead to inaccurate conclusions, as seen with rare genetic disorders, where the predicted 3:1 phenotypic ratio may not manifest due to the laws of chance affecting the limited number of offspring. Additionally, the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart and the concept of epigenetics showcase the complex interactions between genetics and environment, highlighting the potential for identical twins to exhibit different phenotypes despite identical genotypes.