Final answer:
Hybridization identifies tag SNPs in DNA microarrays, using complementary base pairing to capture specific sequences, which differ in techniques like sequencing or amplification.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that identifies tag SNPs using DNA microarrays is b) Hybridization. DNA microarrays operate on the principle of nucleic acid hybridization, capturing specific DNA sequences through the complementary base pairing of the DNA on the array with the target DNA in the sample. This method is particularly useful in genotyping and analyzing genetic variation, including the detection of SNPs, which are variations at single nucleotide positions in the DNA sequence among individuals. Hybridization is a central process not only in microarray analysis but also in techniques such as Southern blot analysis, and is distinct from sequencing, amplification, and denaturation procedures. For instance, sequencing technologies like dideoxy chain termination or shotgun sequencing are employed to determine the exact order of nucleotides in DNA, whereas amplification refers to increasing the quantity of a target DNA segment, often through methods like PCR.