Final answer:
The two general approaches to dealing with random error are c. replication and random assignment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is c) Replication, Random Assignment. These are the two general approaches to dealing with random error in experimental design.
Replication involves repeating the experiment multiple times to reduce the influence of chance events. By conducting the experiment many times with different participants or samples, researchers can get a more accurate estimate of the true effect.
Random assignment ensures that participants or samples are assigned to different groups in an experiment randomly. This helps to minimize any potential bias and ensures that any differences observed between the groups can be attributed to the independent variable being tested.