Final answer:
In C programming, the function void square(int *p) requires a 'Pointer to an integer' as its argument. You pass the address of an integer variable to comply with the function's expectation of an integer pointer (int *p).
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of argument that should be passed to the function void square(int *p) in C is c) Pointer to an integer. This is because the function parameter is defined as a pointer to an integer (int *p), indicating that the function is expecting an address of an integer variable (i.e., a memory location where an integer value is stored) rather than an integer value itself. To call this function, you would pass the address of an integer variable, using the address-of operator (&), like so: int value = 5; square(&value);.
It is important to understand that passing a character, an integer, or an array of integers directly would not match the function's parameter type and lead to a compilation error or undefined behavior.