Final answer:
The Hudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands were formed through a combination of tectonic events and erosion, including the formation of the Appalachian/Caledonide Mountains and glacial activity during the ice ages.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Hudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands were formed through a combination of tectonic events and erosion. The Appalachian/Caledonide Mountains formed during three separate tectonic events over a period of 220 million years, which caused the land to uplift and erode. As the mountains eroded, sedimentary basins, such as Baffin Bay, formed beside the continental collision. Glacial activity during the ice ages further shaped the landscape, creating the rocky, flat region covering nearly two million square miles that encircles the Hudson Bay.