Final answer:
In choosing a conductor, consider low resistivity for efficient conductivity, high tensile strength for durability, and high ductility for flexibility. Copper is preferred for wiring, but alternatives like silver, gold, and aluminum have specific use-cases based on cost and mechanical properties.
Step-by-step explanation:
When choosing a conductor, the three most important factors to consider are low resistivity, high tensile strength, and high ductility. These qualities ensure efficient and reliable performance in electrical wiring. Copper is often used for wire due to its high electrical conductivity and these mechanical properties. Notably, other metals like silver have even higher electrical conductivity but are not typically used due to cost.
Alternatives to copper include materials like aluminum, which, while having a higher resistance than copper, is lighter and less expensive. Gold and silver are used for special applications like in speaker wires or in environments where oxidation can be an issue, as gold does not oxidize easily. Each material has its advantages and trade-offs related to performance, cost, and mechanical properties, making it essential to evaluate the specific requirements of the electrical application when choosing the appropriate conductor material.