Final answer:
A zener diode, which operates in reverse bias and maintains a constant voltage known as the zener voltage, is used as a voltage reference in electronic circuits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Type of Diode Used as a Voltage Reference
The kind of diode semiconductor that can be used as a voltage reference in an electronic circuit is commonly a zener diode. The zener diode is designed to have a precise breakdown voltage, known as the zener voltage. By operating at or near this voltage, the zener diode can provide a stable reference voltage. In electronic circuits, they are often used to regulate the voltage across other components. When configured for reverse bias (where the anode is connected to a negative potential and the cathode to a positive potential), the zener diode exhibits a stable voltage across it despite changes in the current, making it invaluable for voltage regulation applications.
Diodes, including zener diodes, are created by forming a p-n junction, which allows current to flow primarily in one direction - in the forward biased condition - and blocks current in the reverse direction until the breakdown voltage is reached. This characteristic of zener diodes, their reverse-biased operation, and their ability to maintain a constant voltage over a range of currents is what makes them suitable as voltage references.