Final answer:
Aristotle's Virtue Theory suggests that morality is rooted in finding the mean between excess and deficiency, focusing on the development of virtuous character traits. Bravery is cited as a virtue that lies in the moderation between being too fearful and being overconfident. Proper virtuous action requires voluntary choice, understanding, and consistency.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aristotle's Virtue Theory states that c) Virtue lies in finding the mean between deficiency and excess. This theory emphasizes the importance of developing virtuous character traits, which will lead to right actions and ultimately contribute to human flourishing or eudaimonia. According to Aristotle, virtues are habits that help individuals decide the preferable action in a given situation, facilitating a fulfilling life. Bravery, for example, is considered a virtue when it is the mean between excessive fear and deficient confidence (cowardice) and deficient fear and excessive confidence (rashness).
To be virtuous is not just about developing habits; an individual must also voluntarily choose the right action, understand why it is the right choice, and make this choice consistently from a firm character. A moral theory should provide a logical framework for guiding behavior, which virtue ethics accomplishes by focusing on character development and the achievement of the golden mean in one's actions.