Final answer:
Job analysis and design can negatively affect women by reinforcing gender stereotypes, thereby perpetuating gender imbalances. Lessening gender stratification involves gender-neutral processes and policies that promote inclusion and equity. It is also crucial to have women in political roles and address the pay gap through transparency and legislation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Job analysis and design can negatively affect women by reinforcing gender stereotypes. For instance, if job descriptions subtly emphasize character traits or skills traditionally associated with men, they could discourage women from applying, thus perpetuating gender imbalances in certain fields. Moreover, workplace design that does not accommodate women's needs, such as maternity leave or flexible hours for mothers, can also contribute to inequality.
To lessen the effects of gender stratification in the workplace, strategies such as implementing gender-neutral job descriptions, providing mentorship programs for women, and enforcing policies that promote work-life balance for all genders can be employed. Gender stratification harms both men and women by limiting individuals to roles and behaviors strictly defined by societal expectations, which can stifle personal and professional growth. Harmful effects include lower diversity in ideas and perspectives, under-utilization of skills, and perpetuation of inequality.
Political roles should include women to ensure representation of diverse viewpoints, leading to more balanced and inclusive policy-making. Narrowing the pay gap for women can involve measures such as transparency in salary ranges, regular pay audits, and laws that require equal pay for work of equal value.