Final answer:
Professional associations became more prominent in the 19th century due to the Industrial Revolution(option a).
Step-by-step explanation:
Professional associations became more prominent and prevalent during the 19th century; the main reason for this rise was the Industrial Revolution(option a).
The Industrial Revolution was a transformative period where significant changes took place in various sectors such as technology, economics, and society at large. There was a major shift from traditional agriculture to industrial and manufacturing processes.
This era led to increased mobility, new employment opportunities, and the amplification of trade and globalization. The complexities of the changing world required the sharing of knowledge and standardization of practices, inspiring individuals within professions to organize themselves into associations. These associations were created in part to establish standards in emerging professions and to collectively address the new social and economic challenges of the time.
For example, the latter half of the century saw the formation of significant associations such as the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1852, along with other professional groups for mining, mechanical, and electrical engineers. These groups not only raised the stature of professions but also played a pivotal role in shaping education and standards in their respective fields.