Final answer:
Generalist species, such as raccoons, benefit from habitat fragmentation because they can adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions, unlike specialist, keystone, or native species, which require specific habitat conditions or interactions within an ecosystem to thrive.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to which types of species often benefit from habitat fragmentation. The correct answer is generalist species. Generalist species, like raccoons, have a broad range of tolerance and can thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of various resources. Therefore, they tend to benefit from the breaking up of habitats into smaller fragments, as they can adapt and exploit the new areas more successfully than specialist or endemic species, which have more specific habitat or dietary requirements.
On the other hand, specialist species, keystone species, and native species often suffer from habitat fragmentation because they rely on stable, larger habitats or specific interactions within the ecosystem that are disrupted by fragmentation. Examples of specialist species include the koala, which is native to Australia and has specific dietary requirements, primarily eating eucalyptus leaves. Keystone species, such as wolves in Yellowstone National Park, play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem and may be negatively impacted when their habitat is fragmented, thus disrupting their ability to regulate prey populations and perform other key functions.