Final answer:
Conflicts can be effectively solved when both parties believe a solution exists, agree to cooperate, and do not take differences in opinion as personal attacks. The successful resolution depends on collaboration, compromise, and understanding, with an underlying belief in a solution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Conflicts can indeed be resolved when all involved parties take a proactive and cooperative approach. The consensus is that conflicts are more likely to be solved when both parties a. Believe the problem has a solution, b. Agree to cooperate, and c. Recognize that a difference of opinion is not a personal attack. Therefore, the answer to the student's question is d. All of the above.
Such an approach is essential in overcoming collective dilemmas, which arise from opposing preferences, different goals, or varying motivations within a group. When facing a collective dilemma, groups that successfully navigate through these issues typically employ reconciliation tactics such as expressing empathy, acknowledging past sufferings on both sides, and ceasing destructive behaviors. This type of problem-solving serves not only to resolve immediate discrepancies but also to foster a healthier group dynamic that can prevent future conflicts.
Ultimately, the successful resolution of a conflict or a collective dilemma is dependent on the willingness of participants to engage with one another in a spirit of compromise and understanding, with an underlying belief that a solution is attainable through collective efforts.