Final answer:
God rewrote the Ten Commandments on the two new tablets after the golden calf incident, including the second commandment against making graven images, which the Israelites violated.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the golden calf incident, God instructed Moses to chisel out two new stone tablets to replace the ones he had smashed in anger. However, the specific text that God inscribed on the replacement tablets isn't explicitly detailed in the verses that follow the incident. Instead, it is understood that God rewrote the Ten Commandments, which the first set of tablets contained. The second commandment, "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image," had been directly violated by the Israelites with the creation of the golden calf, an idol. This act of betrayal occurred despite God's clear instruction and agreement with the Israelites, represented by the covenant detailed on the original tablets.