Final answer:
Batesian mimics impose a cost on Mullerian mimics through mimicry breakdown, which could lead to an increased predation risk for Mullerian mimics due to the less effective warning signals.
Step-by-step explanation:
In what way do Batesian mimics impose a cost on Mullerian mimics (aposematic spp)? The correct answer is (d) Mimicry breakdown. Batesian mimicry involves a harmless species adopting the warning colorations of a harmful species to avoid predation. When predators encounter Batesian mimics, which look harmful but are not, they may learn that the warning signals do not necessarily indicate a genuine threat. Consequently, this can reduce the effectiveness of the warning signals of the truly harmful species—the Mullerian mimics—which not only look dangerous but genuinely are. This can lead to an increased predation risk for Mullerian mimics because their warning coloration becomes less effective as a deterrent.
Without Batesian mimicry attributes, an animal species would likely have a higher rate of predation, as it would not benefit from the protective aspect of resembling a harmful species. On the other hand, Mullerian mimicry involves different species that both produce toxins and have similar warning coloration, offering them protection through a shared aposematic signal.