Final answer:
Bateman's principles describe the different investments in reproduction between sexes, with females typically investing more per offspring compared to males, leading to differences in lifetime reproductive success. These principles are part of the broader concept of life history strategies where species adapt their reproductive strategies to environmental limitations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the differences in lifetime reproductive success and how it can be explained by Bateman's principles. Bateman's principles suggest that there are differences in reproductive success between the sexes, which originate from the amount of investment individuals make in producing offspring. In general, females invest more in each individual offspring through gestation and parental care, leading to fewer overall offspring compared to males. Hence, females are typically choosier about their mates. Males can produce more offspring because their investment is often limited to the production of sperm. Bateman's principles contribute to explaining patterns of sexual selection and mating behavior across different species. In terms of life history strategies, which are evolutionary outcomes of the allocation of energy for growth, maintenance, and reproduction, Bateman's principles align with the observation that the reproductive strategy chosen by an organism affects its lifetime success in passing on genes. Species adapt reproductive strategies like semelparity, iteroparity, r-selected, or K-selected breeding to maximize reproductive success within environmental constraints. These variations in life history strategies among species reflect Bateman's observation of differential reproductive investments by sex.