Final Answer:
The correct distance one must stand from the x-ray tube during irradiation, if not wearing lead, is b) 2 meters.
Step-by-step explanation:
Standing at a safe distance from an x-ray tube is crucial to minimize radiation exposure. The inverse square law governs the relationship between distance and radiation intensity. According to this law, radiation intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source.
Mathematically, if we consider standing 1 meter away as the starting point for radiation intensity (I1), then at a distance of 2 meters (I2), the intensity decreases by a factor of 4 (I1 / I2 = (1m / 2m)^2 = 1/4).
By doubling the distance from 1 meter to 2 meters, the radiation exposure reduces to a quarter of what it would be at 1 meter. This significant reduction in intensity makes standing 2 meters away a safer distance during x-ray irradiation without wearing lead protection.
Choosing a distance of 2 meters balances safety with practicality, as standing farther away might not be feasible in many medical or laboratory settings. This distance adheres to safety standards, significantly reducing radiation exposure while allowing necessary procedures to be conducted effectively. Therefore, 2 meters stands as the recommended distance to mitigate potential health risks associated with x-ray radiation exposure.