Final answer:
The human capital argument affects the organization of schools by encouraging vocational training that equips students with job-specific skills, aligning education with economic development needs. Vocational-technical curricula tend to be favored over liberal-classical ones in this regard, as they are geared towards the demands of an industrial economy. Additionally, funding and support for early education programs like Head Start are essential for developing human capital from a young age.
Step-by-step explanation:
The human capital argument influences the organization of schools by emphasizing the need to create an educated and skilled workforce that contributes to economic growth. Therefore, the option that best aligns with this argument is a) By prioritizing vocational training over academic education, as it directly relates to equipping students with job-relevant skills that can increase productivity and support the economy. While aspects like holistic development, artistic expression, and a liberal arts-based curriculum contribute to a well-rounded education, the human capital argument tends to focus on practical, employment-oriented education that boosts an individual's economic value.
Historically, a debate existed over the benefits of a liberal-classical curriculum versus a vocational-technical (industrial) curriculum. A liberal-classical curriculum was considered beneficial for its focus on broad thinkers and citizens capable of leadership and innovation. In contrast, the vocational-technical curriculum was seen as providing the technical and trade skills needed for the new industrial economy, demonstrated by movements that supported vocational education for students to meet the demands of the market.
However, it is crucial to also consider programs that finance early education, like Head Start, which are vital for developing human capital from a young age. Cuts in such programs can undermine the development of human capital by limiting early childhood development opportunities that contribute to future productivity and economic success.