Final answer:
Celiac disease primarily affects the small intestine and is caused by a genetic predisposition and gluten consumption. It damages the microvilli leading to malabsorption and numerous symptoms. A gluten-free diet is the main treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Celiac disease affects the small intestine and is triggered by a genetic predisposition to an abnormal immune response, as well as the consumption of gluten found in wheat, barley, and rye. It is an autoimmune disorder that results in damage to the microvilli that line the small intestine. This damage leads to malabsorption and a variety of symptoms including diarrhea, anemia, and nutritional deficiencies, with the potential for long-term complications such as osteoporosis and certain cancers.
Complete removal of gluten from the diet is the primary treatment for celiac disease, leading to improved symptoms and a reduced risk of complications. Diagnosis typically involves serological tests for specific antibodies, followed by an endoscopy and biopsy of the duodenal mucosa.