Final answer:
Louis Pasteur conducted the experiment on chemotaxis and is often credited as the 'father of chemotaxis'. His significant contributions to the field of microbiology include his work on fermentation, refutation of spontaneous generation, and development of pasteurization and vaccines.
Step-by-step explanation:
The experiment on chemotaxis, demonstrating the attraction or repulsion of cells or organisms by chemicals in their environment, was conducted by none other than Louis Pasteur. Often regarded as the 'father of chemotaxis', Pasteur's work in microbiology has led to numerous advances including the disproof of spontaneous generation, the process of pasteurization, and the creation of vaccines for diseases like rabies.
Pasteur's significance in the Golden Age of Microbiology is immense; he meticulously showed through his experiments that fermentation, food spoilage, and certain diseases are caused by microorganisms. Furthermore, he devised experiments using broth in swan-neck flasks to refute the theory of spontaneous generation, establishing that microorganisms are airborne and are not spontaneously generated.
The work of Louis Pasteur not only laid the groundwork for understanding chemotaxis but also has had a lasting impact on public health and the fields of microbiology and immunology.