Final answer:
Non-directive counseling is the style that views each individual as unique with their own values, beliefs, and attitudes. Freud developed his theory of human personality using the case study method. Authoritarian group leadership exhibits a top-down communication pattern.
Step-by-step explanation:
When conducting a counseling session with an airman within your dental clinic, the counseling style that views each subordinate as a unique, complex individual, with a distinct set of values, beliefs, and attitudes is Non-directive counseling. This style encourages the individuals to express their own thoughts and feelings, and it supports them in making their own decisions without direct guidance from the counselor. It contrasts with Directive counseling, where the counselor takes a more active role in problem-solving.
On the other hand, Sigmund Freud's method of developing his theory of human personality through in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients is known as a case study.
Regarding group leadership, the type where communication pattern flows from the top down is Authoritarian. This is opposed to Democratic, which encourages group participation, and Laissez-faire, which allows members to function more independently.