Final answer:
Academic performance is not directly affected by adolescents' crowd membership.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is b) Academic performance. Adolescents' crowd membership can influence their clothing choices, risk-taking behavior, and even sleep patterns. However, academic performance is not typically directly affected by crowd membership. While the social environment may indirectly impact academic performance through peer influence or pressure, it is not a direct way in which crowd membership affects behavior.