Final answer:
Women are more likely than men to engage in rapport talk, give advice indirectly, apologize, and be sensitive to nonverbal cues. These patterns of speech are influenced by socialization and cultural expectations, and may vary in different societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Research has shown that women are more likely than men to engage in rapport talk, give advice indirectly, apologize, and be sensitive to nonverbal cues. Linguistic researchers have found that women's speech is often characterized by uncertainty, politeness, and the use of hedges and emotional language. Building on this research, Deborah Tannen describes men and women as belonging to different communicative subcultures, with men using conversation to assert status and women seeking social connection. These patterns of speech are culturally relative, as different societies may have different expectations for men's and women's speech styles.