Final answer:
The process of evaluating various options and choosing one to move toward a desired state of affairs is called decision making. It encompasses both simple daily choices and complex strategic planning, based on weighing the benefits and costs associated with each alternative.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of making choices among alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs is called decision making. The essence of decision making involves evaluating various options and selecting the one that is most likely to achieve a specific goal or outcome. This can include everyday decisions like what to have for breakfast, as well as more complicated decisions such as career choices or strategic planning by states or organizations. The process involves considering the benefits and costs associated with each option, as well as the potential impact of the choice on one's desired state or welfare. Individuals and groups may use different methods to make decisions, including heuristics as cognitive shortcuts or a more in-depth analysis of available information to make a rational calculation of the most beneficial action.