Final answer:
Frederick Taylor popularized scientific management, which emphasized efficiency in production by standardizing work tasks.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the textbook, Frederick Taylor popularized (a) scientific management. This management style, also known as "stop-watch management," involved the careful study of production processes to improve efficiency by eliminating unnecessary steps and wasted motions. Taylor's approach, detailed in his 1911 book The Principles of Scientific Management, focused on increasing productivity and involved strategies like time-motion studies to analyze and standardize work procedures, and ultimately, to maximize profitability for both employer and employees.