Final answer:
Transformations like translation, reflection, stretching/compression, and rotation are used to describe the alterations of function graphs in mathematics and physics. Sublimation is the phase transition from solid to gas, while evaporation refers to liquid to gas. Rotational motion in physics is analogous to translational motion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question is about different types of transformations in functions and how they are described. In mathematics and physics, these terms have specific meanings:
- a. Translation - This refers to moving a graph of a function horizontally or vertically without altering its shape.
- b. Reflection - Reflection means flipping the graph over a given axis, effectively creating a mirror image of the function.
- c. Stretching/Compression - These terms describe the widening or narrowing of a graph, changing the function's steepness without altering the x-intercepts.
- d. Rotation - In mathematics, particularly in coordinate geometry, rotation usually involves turning the graph around a fixed point. However, in physics, as in rotational kinematics, it relates to an object rotating about a fixed axis, analogous to translational motion in straight lines or in multiple dimensions.
Equating rotational motions to translational ones, we find analogies: rotational acceleration is equivalent to linear acceleration, torque to force, moment of inertia to mass, rotational work to work, rotational kinetic energy to translational kinetic energy, angular momentum to linear momentum, and angular impulse to impulse.
Contrastingly, in phase transitions:
- The term for the phase change from a solid to a gas is sublimation.
- The phase change from liquid to gas is called evaporation or boiling, depending on the circumstances.
Rotational kinematics describe the relationships between angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration.
In materials science, the term compression describes the decrease in volume of a substance when a force is applied.