Final answer:
Over the past 100 years, the balance of power in the United States has generally shifted towards a stronger national government, influenced by Supreme Court rulings and various socio-economic factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The balance of power between the national and state governments has experienced shifts over the past 100 years. Initially, the balance of power was designed by the Constitution to be federal, with both national and state governments having autonomy in certain areas. However, historical phases have reflected changes in this balance.
During the period between 1819 and the 1860s, for instance, the national government asserted its role forcefully, leading to resistance from the states. Post-Civil War, with changes such as the advent of dual federalism, there was a clear division between state and national jurisdictions. Nonetheless, over the last century, there has generally been a shift towards a stronger national government, influenced by factors such as Supreme Court rulings, economic philosophies, and societal changes.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student’s question would be a) Shifted towards a stronger national government.