Final answer:
The three elements of motivation are direction, persistence, and intensity. These aspects are part of the larger study of what motivates individuals, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors, biological drives, self-efficacy, social motives, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three elements of motivation are: c) Direction, persistence, and intensity. This question connects to the discipline of studying motivations, which looks at why individuals are motivated and the underlying reasons behind their behaviors. Motivation can drive behavior both intrinsically and extrinsically. Intrinsically motivated actions are done for personal satisfaction, whereas extrinsically motivated behaviors aim to receive something from others.
Motivation is influenced by various factors such as biological drives, self-efficacy, and social motives. Self-efficacy is particularly important—it represents the confidence in one's ability to accomplish tasks and is a determining factor in setting goals and engaging in activities. Social theorists emphasize other motives, such as the needs for achievement, affiliation, and intimacy. Moreover, Maslow's hierarchy of needs displays a spectrum of motives that extend from basic biological needs to self-actualization.
Understanding motivation is essential for explaining why we participate in certain behaviors and the intensity and persistence we apply to them. When individuals are rewarded for their efforts and the cost they incur in their activities, this can also encourage motivation, driving them towards desired outcomes.