Final answer:
Bad news should be communicated using either the direct or indirect strategy, based on the specific context and considering factors such as severity, relationship, and culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bad news messages should ideally be delivered using c) the direct or indirect strategy depending on the situation. The indirect strategy involves providing some buffer or background information before delivering the bad news, which can help to soften the blow and prepare the recipient for the negative information. On the other hand, the direct strategy involves stating the bad news upfront and then providing explanations and details. The choice between these strategies often depends on the severity of the news, the relationship with the recipient, and cultural considerations.